Molybdenum is one of the dominant minerals in China because of its rich reserves. In recent years, the distribution of molybdenum deposits is characterized by “surface type” distribution, because molybdenum deposits have been got considerable prospecting breakthrough. In general, these molybdenum deposits are concentrated in the eastern China, including the largest molybdenum reserves of Henan province. From the scale of molybdenum deposits, the identified resources of superlarge deposit is the most important which accounts for about 53% of the whole country, the large deposit accounts for about 30%, the medium-sized deposit accounts for about 14%, small-sized deposit, mine dot and mineralization account for about 3%. Molybdenum deposits are mainly of porphyry type, skarn type, hydrothermal (vein) type and sedimentary (metamorphic) type in genesis, the identified resources of these types are accounting for 85.75%, 8.83%, 2.79% and 2.63% of the total resources respectively. Base on the statistics of precise chronology data of molybdenites Re-Os, Mo-mineralization can be divided into 6 periods in Chinese geological history. These periods of Mo-mineralization are Precambrian (>800Ma), Cambrian-Silurian (540~415Ma, Caledonian), Devonian-Permian (400~290Ma, Hecynian), Triassic (260~200Ma, Indosinian), Jurassic-Cretaceous (195~70Ma, Yanshanian) and Paleogene-Neogene (65~10Ma, Himalayan). The Mo mineralization during Yanshanian period is the strongest one, in which about 76.69% Chinese total identified resources was formed. The second is the Himalayan period. According to spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of molybdenum deposits, the metallogenic regularity of molybdenum deposits was preliminarily summarized, and 41 Ⅲ-level molybdenum-forming belt were divided in mainland China. Metallogenic lineage of molybdenum deposits was also established. Spatial-temporal evolution of different types of molybdenum deposits, the relationship between Mo-mineralization and tectonic evolution have been discussed in this paper. On this basis, the authors think Mo is an effective tracer for recording the crustal evolution history of China.