青藏高原西北缘红其拉莆岩体的岩石成因、时代及其构造意义
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中国地质调查局国土资源大调查研究项目“西昆仑—阿尔金成矿带基础地质综合研究”(No. 1212011085034)、国家自然科学基金 (No. 41002020)和陕西省自然科学基金(No. 2011JQ5008)


The origin and age of the Hongqilapu pluton and its tectonic significances in northwestern Tibetan Plateau
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    摘要:

    青藏高原西北缘的南羌塘地块(班公湖—怒江结合带西段北侧)中发育着规模巨大的白垩纪花岗岩带,红其拉莆岩体是该花岗岩带中典型岩体之一,主要由花岗闪长岩和少量闪长岩组成。结合锆石阴极发光(CL)图像和Th、U、REE元素特征,利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,测得岩体年龄为107.2±0.9Ma,属于早白垩世晚期。地球化学显示,岩体偏中性,富Al、Ca和K,稀土元素含量低,轻重稀土分馏明显,中等或弱的负铕异常,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K和LREE),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti和HREE),属于高钾钙碱性准铝质—弱过铝质I型花岗岩。在岩浆演化过程中,部分熔融与结晶分异作用均起重要作用,并发生了以斜长石、磷灰石和钛铁矿为主的分离结晶作用。岩体的CaO、CaO/Na2O值较高,Nb、Ta亏损、Mg#值较小、相对富钾以及Sr同位素等特征说明岩体源岩应来自下地壳角闪岩相的变玄武岩。根据岩体较低的Y、HREE含量和较高的Al2O3、Sr、Sr/Y比值,发育石英与碱性长石的交生结构,以及SiO2对Mg#和Al2O3图解,推测岩浆源区压力>1.5Gpa(地壳厚度至少50km),通过对锆石饱和温度的计算和锆石结构、U-Pb同位素分析,得出岩体初始岩浆温度>788℃,这与高Sr低Yb型花岗岩(埃达克岩)的形成温压条件一致,残留相应为石榴石+角闪石+金红石(无斜长石)。综合区域地质资料分析,该岩体应是与班公湖-怒江洋闭合有关的冈底斯地块与羌塘地块之间的碰撞造山,导致地壳加厚的产物,表明班公湖-怒江洋西部与中东部的闭合时限可能具有一致性。

    Abstract:

    There are a mass of cretaceous granitoids in South Qiangtang massif of northwestern Tibetan Plateau (north of western Bangonghu-Nujiang suture), Hongqilapu pluton is one of these granitoids, it comprises major granodiorite and minor diorite. Referring to the cathodoluminescence (CL) image and Th, U, REE of zircon, the age of this pluton is 107.2±0.9Ma which belongs to the late of Early Cretaceous by the method of zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating. The geochemistry show that, the pluton leans to intermediate, are high in Al, Ca and K, shows low content of ΣREE, and moderate or weakly negative Eu anomaly, are enriched in LILE(Rb, Th, K, LREE), and poored in HFSE(Nb, Ta, P, Ti, HREE), is high K calc-alkaline I type granite with metaluminous to slightly peraluminous. Partial melting and crystallizatiion-differentiation played an important role in magmatic evolution, and ever taked place the crystallizatiion-differentiation of plagioclase, apatite and titanic magnetite. The features of high CaO, CaO/Na2O ratio, depletion in Nb、Ta, low in Mg#, enriched in K and Sr isotope show that the pluton was fromed by remelting of the amphibole facies basaltic rocks in lower crust. The pressure of the source region was >1.5Gpa (the thickness of crust was 50Km at least) which based on the low in Y, HREE , high in Al2O3、Sr、Sr/Y ratio, the structure of intergrowth beween quartz and alkali feldspar,and the diagrams of SiO2-Mg#, SiO2-Al2O3, the initial temperature of magma was >788℃ which based on the saturation temperatures, structure, and U-Pb isotopes of zircon, these conditions of warm-pressing was in accordance with the formation of the granite with high Sr and low Yb(adakite), and the remain should be garnet+amphibole+rutile(without plagioclase). Based on the regional geological information, the pluton should be the product of thickening crust which was caused by the collision beteew Gangdese massif and Qiangtang massif with the closing of Bangonghu-Nujiang ocean, it illustrates that the time of western and mideastern Bangonghu-Nujiang ocean should be the same.

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康磊,校培喜,高晓峰,朱海平,奚仁刚,过磊,董增产.2012.青藏高原西北缘红其拉莆岩体的岩石成因、时代及其构造意义[J].地质学报,86(7):1063-1076.
KANG Lei, XIAO Peixi, GAO Xiaofeng, ZHU Haiping, XI Rengang, GUO Lei, XI Rengang.2012. The origin and age of the Hongqilapu pluton and its tectonic significances in northwestern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,86(7):1063-1076.

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  • 收稿日期:2011-09-16
  • 最后修改日期:2012-02-28
  • 录用日期:2012-02-29
  • 在线发布日期: 2012-07-10
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