中朝古陆的解体与华北、华泰二克拉通的确立
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Breakup of China-Korea Platform and Establishment of North China and Huatai Cratons
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    摘要:

    半个世纪之前,黄汲清和任纪舜等将华北、东北南部以及西北的阿拉善这类凡有前寒武纪结晶基底出露的地区确定为单一的中朝古陆(或准地台)。这种观念一直被沿用迄今。近年,构造地层地体的研究发现原称之“中朝古陆”是由华北和华泰两个克拉通构成,计11个地块或地体。重新厘定的华北克拉通,其范围只限于辽宁省西部和北部、河北省、内蒙古南部、山西省大部以及陕西省北部。原划为中朝古陆的其余地域,如吉林南部、辽东半岛、山东、苏皖北部、河南、关中、阿拉善—贺兰山等,统属新确立的华泰克拉通。二克拉通之间以及与周边造山带,均隔以大型的断裂。华北克拉通是我国最古老的陆壳核心,它由燕辽陆块、晋冀造山带和蒙陕陆块,以及阴山裂谷带等4个地体构成。古元古代末期即1850Ma,发生巨大而统一的碰撞事件导致前三者的构造拼接,以及克拉通的最终固结。阴山裂谷带形成于中元古代,是后来导致华北克拉通与西伯利亚地台分裂的遗迹。华北克拉通的突出特点是:长城系与古元古代的滹沱群之间的不整合,以及以蓟县剖面为代表的中元古界盖层沉积。按此特点,在全球范围内能与之类比的只有西伯利亚地台和加拿大地盾。华泰克拉通结晶基底之上的第一个不整合面存在于新元古代的细河群与古—中元古代的辽河群之间,克拉通固结的时限约为1000Ma。根据此特点,在全球寻找其宗族关系,显而易见那就是Rodinia联合古陆。依据我国寒武系的研究,早、中寒武世之间即536Ma前后,发生了华北与华泰二克拉通的构造拼接。此前,二者分属于不同的古大陆,从未相互连接。所以,从太古代以来统一的中朝古陆是不存在的。

    Abstract:

    Half a century ago, the wellknown preCambrian crystalline basement outcrops extensively in the southern Northeast China, North China and Alashan Desert of Northwest China, which were considered by T.K. Huang and J.S. Ren as a unitary ChinaKorea Platform. This idea has been being in use until now. Recently, the studies of tectonostratigraphic terrain demonstrate that the ChinaKorea Platform is composed of both the North China Craton and the Huatai Craton, and contains 11 terrains in all. The range of North China Craton redefined was limited within northern and western Liaoning province, Hebei province, main part of Shanxi province, and northern Shaanxi province. The other regions of original ChinaKorea Platform, including southern Jilin province, Liaodong peninsula, Shandong province, northern parts of Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, Henan province, the Shaanxi plain and the Alashan DesertHelan Mts. constitute the new established Huatai craton. The boundary between two cratons and adjacent Paleozoic organic belts are separated by a series of large faults. The North China Craton is the initial continent crust in whole China, which is composed of 4 terrains, including the Yanliao continent block, Jinji orogenic belt, Mengshan continent block and the Yinshan rift belt. The North China Craton originated from the late Paleoproterozoic (1850Ma) orogeny and collision, which resulted in assembly of the former 3 terrains and finally solidification of the craton. The Yinshan rift belt occurred in Mesoproterozoic and was the remains of separation of North China Craton and Siberia Platform. The prominent features of North China Craton are the unconformity between Paleoproterozoic Hutuo Group and Mesoproterozoic Changcheng System, and the deposition of Mesoproterozoic caprock represented by the Jixian profile. According to these characteristics, only Siberia Platform and Canada Shield in the world are comparable to this craton. Over the crystalline basement of Huatai Craton, the first unconformity between PalaeoMeso Proterozoic Liaohe Group and Neoproterozoic Xihe Group marked its solidification in about 1000 Ma. Therefore, the origin of Huatai Craton can be traced in the world. It is quite evident that Rodinia was a united ancient continent in Neoproterozoic. In view of Cambrian stratigraphic studies in China, it is believed that the assembly between North China Craton and Huatai Craton occurred at the beginning of the Middle Cambrian (about 536 Ma). Before Middle Cambrian, two cratons belonged to different ancient continents and had never been jointed. Therefore there was no united ChinaKorea Platform during the period from Archean to early stage of Cambrian.

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王荃.2012.中朝古陆的解体与华北、华泰二克拉通的确立[J].地质学报,86(10):1553-1568.
Wang Quan.2012. Breakup of China-Korea Platform and Establishment of North China and Huatai Cratons[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,86(10):1553-1568.

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  • 收稿日期:2011-05-26
  • 最后修改日期:2011-11-22
  • 录用日期:2012-10-09
  • 在线发布日期: 2012-10-18
  • 出版日期: