In 2005,the Acta Geologica Sinica(in English edition,vol.79,no.6) contemporaneously issued two articles respectively by Yu Wen and Qian Yi on the topic of whether Yangtzedonta and Xianfengella are synonymous or not.The topic has long been debated and caused a wide concern as well.By examining in detail the holotype specimen of Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu by Yu Wen in 1985 with the Cat.no.84430,and the specimen of Xianfengella described by Qian Yi in 2001 with the Cat.no.125018~125022,the both stored in the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The close observation suggests that the holotype specimen of Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu,1985 with Cat.no.84430 is a small shelly fossil with unique morphological characteristic and developed with peculiar posterior hinge structure.Although Qian Yi announced that more well preserved specimens in analogous with the holotype specimen of Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu with Cat.no.84430 and complete shell are at his disposal,he has never illustrated any of his specimens with similar posterior hinge structure as seen in the holotype of Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu.Indeed,he has confused the real differences in the morphological characteristics and the size of shell between the holotype of Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu and Xianfengella by illustrating a sketch drawing which is neither the original nor the real morphological characteristics.Therefore the author has to raise a query to the conclusion made by Qian as "Yangtzedonta is undoubtedly a junior synonym of Xianfengella" and "the holotype of Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu,1985 which is just the cracked and contorted specimen of Xianfengella prima described by Qian."