海底泥火山形成机制——南海台西南盆地泥火山钻探建议
2022,96(8):2906-2916
摘要：泥火山是地下泥质流体喷发到地表或海底所形成的丘状构造，其形成与油气成藏、天然气水合物成矿有着直接联系，其喷发活动易引发工程事故，喷发的大量甲烷气体会加剧温室效应。国内外学者已在泥火山发育、地球化学、地球物理特征等方面开展了诸多研究。然而泥火山形成机制问题仍存在多种争议，其触发因素可能来自断层活动、地震、超压等。泥火山流体的传热传质及其对水合物形成与动态分布的控制作用还有待深入研究，同时海底泥火山碳排放亦是重要地质问题。因而我们建议选取南海北部台西南盆地典型泥火山开展钻探，获取海底泥火山发育的构造环境、沉积背景、温压场等系列参数，揭示泥火山成因机制，建立海底泥火山油气渗漏模式，探讨泥火山流体传热过程对水合物形成与分布的影响。研究成果对于超压沉积盆地油气勘探与开发、海底渗漏型水合物研究与勘探、新构造活动与地质灾害分析等都具有重要指导意义。
关键词：海底泥火山；形成机制；水合物成藏；碳排放；台西南盆地；大洋钻探
Formation mechanism of submarine mud volcanoes——suggestions on mud volcano drilling in the southwest Taiwan basin of the South China Sea
Abstract：Mud volcano is a mound structure formed by the eruption of underground muddy fluid to the surface or seabed. Its formation is directly related to oil and gas accumulation and gas hydrate mineralization. The eruption of mud volcano can easily cause engineering accidents, 〖JP〗and with the diffusion of a large amount of methane gasalso aggravates the greenhouse effect. Scholars at home and abroad have carried out many studies on the development, geochemistry and geophysical characteristics of mud volcanoes. However, there are still many controversies about its formation mechanism because the triggering factors may come from fault activity, earthquake, overpressure, etc. The heat transfer law of mud volcanic fluid and the control effect on hydrate formation and dynamic distribution needs to be further studied. At the same time, the carbon emission from mud volcanoes in the sea area is also a geological problem deserving attention. Therefore, we suggest selecting the typical mud volcanoes in the southwest Taiwan basin in the north of the South China Sea to carry out ocean drilling, to obtain a series of parameters such as the tectonic environment, sedimentary background, temperature and pressure field for the development of submarine mud volcanoes, to reveal the genetic mechanism of mud volcanoes, to establish the oil and gas leakage model of submarine mud volcanoes, and to explore the impact of the thermal action of mud volcanic fluids on the formation and distribution of hydrates. The research results have important guiding significance for the exploration and development of oil and gas in overpressure sedimentary basins, the research and exploration of seafloor leakage hydrate, and the analysis of neotectonicactivities and geological disasters.
Key words：submarine mud volcano; formation mechanism; hydrate accumulation; carbon emission; southwest Taiwan basin; ocean drilling
收稿日期：2022-06-09
基金项目：本文为国家自然科学基金项目（编号42076054，41776056），国家重点研发计划项目（编号2018YFC0310000）和广东省2021年省级促进经济高质量发展专项（海洋经济发展）海洋六大产业项目（编号粤自然资合\[2021\]58号）联合资助的成果。
