开展南海碳酸盐岩台地大洋钻探的建议：揭示台地演化的控制因素与淹没机制

2022,96(8):2809-2821
吴时国1, 秦永鹏1, 马永生2, 田雷3
1) 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所海南省海底资源与探测实验室，海南三亚，572000;2) 中国石油化工集团有限公司，北京，100728;3) 中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院，甘肃兰州，730020
摘要：南海发育大量新生代碳酸盐岩台地，它们是南海古构造、古气候和古海洋演变的重要信息来源，也是石油天然气的重要储层。虽然前人对这些碳酸盐岩台地已经开展了大量的研究，但是目前仍未能建立南海现代碳酸盐岩台地的三维结构和高分辨率层序地层格架，关于台地发育演化的控制因素与淹没机制也存在争议。因此，亟需开展南海碳酸盐岩台地大洋钻探。南海北部西沙海域发育大量的现代碳酸盐岩台地，是一个非常好的研究靶区。本文建议选择宣德和北礁这两个典型孤立碳酸盐岩台地，在台地潟湖、边缘、斜坡和深水盆地开展钻探，建立碳酸盐岩台地的高精度年代框架，精细刻画台地内部以及周边的沉积体系，明确南海新生代碳酸盐岩台地形成、生长和淹没的历史，建立台地沉积与演化模式，揭示南海碳酸盐岩台地演化的控制因素，在此基础上，开展南海古构造、古海洋与古气候环境重建，并与全球其他碳酸盐岩台地进行对比，分析异同点及其原因。
关键词：大洋科学钻探；碳酸盐岩台地；淹没机制；西沙群岛；南海

Proposal for scientific drilling of carbonate platforms in the South China Sea: revealing the controlling factors and drowning mechanisms of carbonate platforms

Wu Shiguo1, Qin Yongpeng1, Ma Yongsheng2, Tian Lei3
1) Laboratory of Marine Geophysics and Georesources of Hainan Province, Institute of Deep- sea Science and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China;2) Sinopec China, Beijing 100728, China;3) Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development- Northwest, PetroChina, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
Abstract：There are a large number of Cenozoic carbonate platforms in the South China Sea. These platforms record the evolution of tectonic, paleoclimate and paleoceanography in the South China Sea since the Late Oligocene, and are also important hydrocarbon reserviors. Although there is a lot of research on carbonate platforms in the South China Sea, the three- dimensional structure and high- resolution sequence stratigraphic framework of modern carbonate platforms in the South China Sea has not yet been established, and the controlling factors for the development and evolution of isolated platforms is also controversial with the drowning mechanism. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out the carbonate platform ocean drilling in the South China Sea. There are a large number of modern carbonate platforms in the Xisha archipelago of the northern South China Sea, where is a good target area. This paper proposes to select two platforms, Xuande and Beijiao, to carry out drilling in the platform lagoons, margin, slopes and deep- water basins, in order to achieve goals as follows: to establish a high- resolution chronological framework of carbonate platforms; to characterize the sedimentary systems in and around the platforms; to clarify the initiation, growth and demise of the platforms; to reveal the controlling factors of carbonate platforms in the South China Sea, and compare with carbonate platforms around the world.
Key words：ocean drilling; carbonate platform; drowning mechanism; Xisha archipelago; South China Sea
收稿日期：2022-06-01
基金项目：本文为NSFC- 广东联合基金项目（编号U1701245）、海南省自然科学基金项目（编号421QN280）、南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州）项目（编号FWSQHT- 20210323- 00072）和中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目（编号kt2021- 02- 02）联合资助的成果。
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